From the 2000s onwards, it is possible to observe a shift in narrative rationality within International Relations. The idea is that subjects of International Law construct and act according to a set of narratives, and therefore, the historical analysis of these narratives is an appropriate means to understand existing geopolitical dynamics.

A Peruvian can be freer than a US citizen. No, it is not a joke, or an attempt to rage-bait. It is the simple fact that the concepts we assume to be universally shared are anything but universal most of the time. Thus, the understanding of freedom emerges as a subjective construct within the post-modern reality.

Language sustains power, manages crises, and shapes public opinion, and translation is at the heart of this process. Far from being neutral, it can escalate conflicts, legitimize regimes, or open pathways to peace.

For Australia to maintain diplomatic balance as a middle power under Ungerer’s (2007) definition as a regional stabiliser and multilateral advocate, soft-power leadership and investments in international development are essential.

Geopolitical literacy means more than knowing international headlines; it is the ability to connect geography, history, and political dynamics to understand why events happen and how they might evolve. It requires critical thinking to identify patterns, assess multiple perspectives, recognize bias, and interpret data and narratives objectively.

Computational diplomacy is expected to not only play a pivotal role in the analysis of international relations but also influence policymakers and foreign policies. If computational modeling and simulation could be employed to evaluate multiple foreign policy options available to a government, ultimately contributing to more informed policymaking, which is evidence-based policymaking in other words.

The release of Adolescence raised alarms about discrimination as a growing cultural concern. This is not just classroom antics. Children are being exposed to dangerous online propaganda that shape their understanding of gender roles and acceptable behaviour from an early age. Political policies, world leaders, and global action contribute to how we approach women’s rights as a global security issue.

The EU bubble serves as a powerful example of what can be accomplished through international cooperation.

On ethical issues, we have to take action and raise our voices against governments or companies that have maleficence towards society.

If we turn back to my main concern, the Ottoman Empire occupies in the hearts and the minds of Turkish men more than we guess.